Causes and Effects of the English Language Essay

In America, English is the national language. Be that as it may, with various societies and lifestyles, everybody doesn’t talk a similar English. In the north, individuals will in general talk obviously and to some this is right. In the south, individuals will in general tie their words together and to some this is inaccurate. At last, the inquiry is, is what is acceptable language what is terrible and what causes the two. In Orewell’s piece, he reprimands the English language beginning from the instructors who encourage us on to the creators who engage us. He accentuates how terrible language starts with those to individuals and their negative behavior patterns. He additionally focuses on that in the event that we â€Å"remain solid in this battle against awful English†, at that point we will before long conquer the negative behavior patterns and so forth. Orewell discusses passing on allegories and use of words that aren’t in layman term. He recommends that when writers utilize regular illustrations and exceptional logical words, they are composing inaccurately. Thus, perusers and different authors are perusing, composing, and adapting erroneously. As I would see it, Orewell’s exposition was not effective at all. He didn't be anything shy of a fraud doing what they specialize in. He discusses exploratory writing and unique methapors, however he utilizes not one or the other. He discusses utilizing lumbering words that no one identifies with, yet most of his article was composed as though he talked early English. He doesn’t adhere to any of the principles that he emphatically proposes will bring us out of this battle of awful English. He’s setting no model for the supposed unrightfully effective writers and beginner essayists. The English language has various implications, articulations, circumstances and end results. Such a large number of, that there can no be one explicit individual figuring out which are the absolute best. As expressed before various locales of the U.S. decide how those individuals talk, so unwittingly individuals peruse and compose the manner in which they talk. Numerous creators use similitudes to permit the crowd to all the more likely identify with the message their transferring. Numerous writers utilize logical and exceptional words to help expand their perusers jargon and to open them to more than they knew before perusing their piece. These basic readersâ pick up word references and thesauruses and start to additionally investigate the language they’re so acquainted with. Orewell is neither the most qualified nor ideal individual to recommend how writers ought to compose. All things considered, no on is censuring his piece and how it adversely attracted the crowd. In the event that he is condemning the manner in which English is instructed, at that point he’s eventually scrutinizing the manner in which individuals decipher. Numerous individuals are doing fine and dandy without Orewell’s negative perspectives on the English language.

Justice and Peace by J milburn Thompson chapter 5 Essay

Equity and Peace by J milburn Thompson section 5 - Essay Example Everything relies upon the concerned individual or family in the event that they despite everything need to be and see themselves as a piece of the country in which they have a place. A case of a country is the Chinese country. Any place they will be, they all offer a similar pride of their language, culture and customs. Nearly in each nation around the globe, there is a Chinatown where the Chinese individuals proceed with their deep rooted culture and customs. They despite everything communicate in their language, observe Chinese occasions, utilize Chinese medication and follow Feng shui. These individuals are as of now residents of the nations where they live but then they are as yet recognizable from the remainder of the populace. These individuals might be American residents or Canadian residents but then they despite everything distinguish themselves as Chinese and the remainder of the country’s residents remember them in that capacity. Then again, the term state alludes to a sovereign nation that activities command over a populace inside a characterized region. A state is overseen and regulated by an administration which has lawful authority over its kin. Enrollment in a state is controlled by the measures set out by the administration. A state is considered as a legitimate individual in universal law that may go into agreements and concurrences with different nations, organizations and people.

IngramSpark-ing Creativity Your View of Self-Publishing Is About to Be Changed

IngramSpark-ing Creativity Your View of Self-Publishing Is About to Be Changed Independent authors have a vested interest in discovering the creative, marketing, or educational spark that allows their work to flourish. Authors of all kinds are driven not only by a creative impulse but also by an impulse to share their work. And of course, with all of that comes more practical business concerns: promotion, income, and distribution.IngramSpark is a self-publishing platform. Its one of the big names in self-publishing alongside Smashwords, Lulu and of course, Amazon. Regardless of your perspective on these companies, the free blog which IngramSpark offers is a useful tool for developing your knowledge of self-publishing, and making the best of your creative endeavors. This blog provides helpful insight into the publishing world in both the traditional and self-publishing arenas, but will be most obviously helpful to those considering pursuing an independent course, or who have already published independently. Regardless of your scale or your particular desires for a piece of writing, the IngramSpark blog is worth a moment of your time.Indie and self-pub articlesThe IngramSpark blog focuses mostly on promotion of your writing, and on reaching more readers. This is clear in their blog structure and is important to their core audience: independent publishers and self-published authors. For these groups, there are articles on utilizing radio, soliciting reviews to promote on sites such as Goodreads, and a comprehensive guide to publishing digital content in the inter(net)-connected generation.These articles are useful because they are sized to the content they are presenting: they dont waste time and head directly to the point, providing advice that is easily digested and immediately useful. Articles come from a range of authors: some of these pieces are from IngramSpark employees, but a large portion is from guest authors as well. When a guest author writes for the blog, their Twitter handles and other contact information are often included pro minently in the article, so it becomes easy to network with the same authors who are providing this advice (and to check up on those authors credentials and expertise). Direct access to authors and the ability to network with others in the industry is invaluable, especially to independent authors.Any resource that offers direct access to authors and the ability to network with others in the industry is invaluable, especially to independent authors. Photo by Icons8 team on Unsplash.Step-by-step guidesFor those earlier in the creative process, the articles available at IngramSpark have foresight to offer. More than 100 articles site-wide deal with planning ahead, answering questions like: How do I plan my books promotion? How do I create a press release? How do I write and distribute an advanced reader copy of the work? How do I solicit a foreword? What should my timeline be for publishing?Answers to these questions are exceptional resources for authors, because they tell us which twi sts and turns to expect before we encounter the consequences of a lack of foresight. This kind of wisdom helps develop our authorial skills, as much as our writing skills. As such, it offers a kind of advice that is often overlooked in more traditional writing blogs.The craft: All-star contributorsOf course, no publishing blog can stay entirely away from the craft of writing itself. Many of the articles offered at IngramSpark are designed to help you hone that most fundamental skill: writing. Standout articles in this vein include two articles by Grant Faulkner. For those who dont know, Faulkner is one of the brilliant voices/minds behind the smash success that is National Novel Writing Month. This is a man with particular insight into how and why people write â€" but more importantly â€" what it is that stops a writer from succeeding, or from finishing their work.Another recurring contributor is Roz Morris. Morris has a great deal of insight into ghostwriting, having worked as a gh ostwriter for several years before launching her own successful novels. Now she is a two-times published author, and a prominent name in writing advice: she is exactly the sort of person that an aspiring or struggling writer should look to for advice on how to move forward. Her articles on the site deal with topics such as: writing with confidence, constructing a solid plot, writing captivating characters; and my personal favorite, how editing can be a creative endeavor.Finally, contributors like Alex Fullerton bring a particular brand of business acumen to the IngramSpark blog. Fullerton is a writing coach at Author Support Services. This means she has many years of coaching authors and helping them Plan, Write, Design, Edit, [and] Print their work. On offer from Fullerton via the IngramSpark blog are articles that offer advice on narrow specialties. She gives very specific advice on how to write childrens books or cooking books; and she gives some insight into what to expect from a 1-on-1 book coach, which is of course her personal specialty. These very specific articles are great examinations of narrow fields within publishing, and because of this specificity, these articles have a lot to offer to those interested in those particular topics.Author platformOf the less prominent resources offered by the IngramSpark blog are articles devoted to creating your author platform. Increasingly, a freelance authors platform is the main face of their business. The days of representing your work in person have gone the way of the dinosaur, and it is now through digital representation that most authors drive their sales. There are a bit less than thirty posts on this topic on the blog, but Ive found these to be some of the most helpful articles offered.To start, your author website is the face of your platform as an independent publisher. An article by John Burke, a developer of webtools and self-publishing industry professional, gives the run-down of what readers, agen ts, and potential business partners want to see when they visit your site.Next up, Jodee Blanco, two-times New York Times best-selling author, gives some advice about public speaking and speaking engagements for promoting your work. Her insight is valuable because her brand as a speaker and an author are equally strong. Blanco has the type of personality and success that others can learn from.Other topics come from a variety of sources and help to flesh out the readers authorial image. Some articles that stood out on first reading were each meant to contribute a portion of the authors overall presence in the writing world, for instance: helping your novel reach mainstream audiences; planning and attending author events; the importance of a professional author photo; and how to write an author bio.Social mediaFinally, and perhaps most obviously (given its importance in the contemporary publishing landscape), the IngramSpark blog offers a variety of content that centers on the effecti ve use of social media to promote your work, whether that be as an independent author, or alongside a traditional publishing company.Prominently, the IngramSpark blog encourages Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn contacts. These are often given for the author of each article, and a Twitter handle, at least, is always included for each contributor. This makes it easy to use the blog as a sort of networking tool, allowing readers to track down the source of articles which inspire them, or which they find most valuable. Further, the articles themselves have a lot to offer. Articles discuss advanced methods of marketing on social media, such as microtargeting; and help to answer common questions regarding publicity for your work. These articles are an effective source to broaden a readers use of social media and to increase the effectiveness of their current usages.Social media can broaden a writers audience when used effectively. Photo by Con Karampelas on Unsplash.In addition to helping t o explain and develop these core elements of social media use, several articles address more contemporary trends in digital advertising and product development. One article by Margot Atwell, the director of publishing at Kickstarter (yes, that Kickstarter), details the sort of projects that can achieve crowdfunding in the literary world. The article discusses how to establish a community, and how to target a particular audience in order to create something magnificent. Similar articles discuss the marketing landscape on YouTube, how to create social media videos to support your product, how to leverage awards and endorsements, and how self-publishing can lead to increased access to the world of traditional publishing.Tied with a ribbonObviously, the resources that the IngramSpark blog offer are excellent and reputable. The contributors to the blog are from prominent literary companies and technology companies, which offer services parallel or tangential to the publishing industry. T his is not necessarily an endorsement of the IngramSpark services in the publishing arena, but it does reflect well on the company that they can boast such extensive contributions from employees with experience ranging from National Novel Writing Month and NaNoWriMo.org; to Kickstarter and other crowdfunding platforms; to New York Times best-selling authors.Not only is the advice offered in the blog compact, and immediately useful, but it comes from reliable, and oftentimes, unique or rare sources. For those interested in IngramSpark, the company responsible for the blog offers services to assist authors at every step of the publishing process: from designing a cover to securing an ISBN number, to delivering the finished product via print-on-demand services.

The Debate And Ratification Of The Constitution - 883 Words

The Debate and Ratification of the Constitution The Constitution of the United States of America was ratified in 1789. It begins with, â€Å"We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.† The constitution was to serve basic rights to citizens, such as establishing fairness between each and every individual, insure that all men are treated equally, and insure that the Federal Government, along with the executive branch, maintains the law and peace inside the country. This means that it tries to prevent altercations and rebellion inside and outside of the country. It was ratified in Philadelphia on September 17.1787 by delegates to the Constitutional Convention. Although the Constitution was created to form a better union and make citizens feel protected and equalized, it brought a lot of attention to itself. The debate over the ratification of the Constitution split Americans into factions: The Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Federalists were the ones who supported The Constitution; on the other hand, Anti-Federalists were not for The Constitution. The Bill of Rights was one of the major issues being debated (Document 5-6). Anti-Federalists were against The Constitution because, according toShow MoreRelatedThe Constitution Convention And The Ratification Debate Essay1196 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Constitution Convention and the ratification debate The constitutional conventions importance is indisputable, it is one of the biggest turning points in history and it is also an event that continues to affect politics to this day. It can’t be ignored, the constitutional convention has such a big historical significance and such a direct impact on America. People have tried to examine the workings behind the constitutional convention and the ratification debate. Many people debate whetherRead MoreEssay about U.S. Constitution Ratification Debates789 Words   |  4 PagesU.S. Constitution Ratification Debates On September 28, 1787, after three days of bitter debate, the Confederation Congress sent the Constitution to the states with neither an endorsement nor a condemnation. This action, a compromise engineered by Federalist members, disposed of the argument that the convention had exceeded its mandate; in the tacit opinion of Congress, the Constitution was validly before the people. The state legislatures decisions to hold ratifying conventionsRead MoreThe Debate Over Ratification Of The United States Constitution940 Words   |  4 PagesThe most politicized debate in American history has been the arguments made by the Federalists and the Antifederalists over the ideas and powers stated within the United States Constitution. A large number of authors who write about the debates between these two political groups present the ideas of the Federalist and Antifederalist as separate, opposing ideologies about how the U.S. Constitution should either stay the same for the sake of the co untry or be amended to grant border rights to the publicRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention And Ratification Debate1586 Words   |  7 Pagesdrafting and ratification of the Constitution a decade later. The 1787 constitutional convention and ratification debate was pivotal in the making of the US Constitution. The dynamics, antagonism, considerations, process and the eventual consensus regarding the Constitution can be explained by discrete theories in political discourses. However, there are theories that fit best within this historical context and help better explain the process of constitutional convention and ratification. This paperRead MoreThe Constitutional Convention And Ratification Debate1409 Words   |  6 Pagesdrafting and ratification of the Constitution a decade later. The 1787 constitutional convention and ratification debate was very important in the making of the US Constitution. The dynamics, antagonism, considerations, process and the eventual consensus rega rding the Constitution can be explained by discrete theories in political discourses. However, there are theories that fit best within this historical context and help better explain the process of the constitutional convention and ratification. ThisRead MoreRatification : The People Debate1728 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States Constitution and its ratification process is usually presented as a unifying document establishing a system of government that most efficiently ensures the states’ newly won independence. Those who opposed ratification of the Constitution were seen as against a strong federal governmental power and obstructive in their opposition. In her book, Ratification: The People debate the Constitution, 1787-1788, Pauline Maier examined the often-tempestuous state-level debates over the ratificationRead MoreThe Debate Over The Articles Of Confederation And The Constitution Of 17871461 Words   |  6 PagesThe debate over the effectiveness of the Articles of Confederation has been a long lasting one. In order to create a document that would adequately protect the American people and their interests’ the Founding Fathers embarked on a journey to create a document that would address all of the discrepancies found within the Articles of Confederation Therefore, the purpose of this paper is threefold. First, to compare and contrast the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution of 1787. Second, toRead MoreThe Constitution Is The Perfect Balance Between Liberty And Power1505 Words   |  7 PagesHamilton once said, â€Å"The Constitution is the perfect balance between liberty and power,† but not every person agreed with him, they are called the anti-federalists. As federalists, Alexander Hamilton and others believed it was time for a new strong national government; they believed it was time for the ratification of the Constitution. Of course, the anti-federalists did not agree with them, which led to a debate between them and the federalists over the ratification of the Constitution. Before theRead MoreThe Rartifiation of the Us Constitution1046 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion: What were the major arguments used by each side (the supporters and the opponents) in the debates over the ratification of the U.S Constitution? In the year 1787, early America, officials and delegates came together to form a constitution that would restore the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation was the attempt at creating a government for the newly independent America. But, it soon became clear that the document was not strong enough toRead MoreAlexander Hamilton The Federalist Paper Summary1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Constitution of the United States has not always been the establishment of our government. The Articles of Confederation, America’s first government, was a loosely binding pact formed between the first thirteen states of America, the existence of which did not even span a decade. Numerous issues including limited Congressional powers and no singular leader for the country contributed to the formation of our current constitution. However, in order for the constitution to be adapted as the new

Profling Vs Racial Profiling - 848 Words

Recently there have been many issues concerning wrongful searches and police brutality in the criminal justice system. Cries for racial equality and social justice have been heard from across the nation. Profiling and stereotyping are generally seen as almost the same concept, but this is not the case. Specifically, criminal profiling is defined as â€Å"the act or process of extrapolating information about a person based on known traits or tendencies,† according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary. In contrast, stereotyping is defined as â€Å"an idea that is used to describe a particular type of person or thing, or a person or thing thought to represent such an idea,† by Cambridge English Dictionary. The term â€Å"racial profiling† has grown recently†¦show more content†¦Through observations and educated decisions, officers can conclude whether or not a subject poses a danger to their surroundings, or how they can use their new knowledge to help further the ir investigation. In order to accurately profile a suspect, one would observe and profile them based on their behaviors and body language, not taking race, gender, or religion into account when making a decision. On the other hand, the motives behind stereotyping are quite different. In â€Å"Where Bias Begins: The Truth About Stereotypes,† Annie Murphy Paul refers to the ultimate goal of stereotyping by saying, â€Å"Humans, like other species, need to feel that they are part of a group, and as villages, clans, and other traditional groupings have broken down, our identities have attached themselves to more ambiguous classifications, such as race and class.† Following this concept, Paul explains, â€Å"We want to feel good about the group we belong to—and one way of doing so is to denigrate all those who who arent in it.† Unlike profiling, stereotyping does not seek to find danger, but to find a flaw in someone in order to categorize and besmirch them wi thout taking the time to truly understand that person. Profiling is rooted in logic, while stereotyping is largely based on assumptions and opinions, both leaving little room for empathy. Neither thought process accounts for someone’s feelings, struggles, or personality.

History of Social Policy Free Essays

1. Explain the meaning of the following terms: industrialisation; urbanisation; public health problems and the implications for state provisions The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and technology had an extreme effect on the society’s economic and cultural conditions. Starting in the United Kingdom, then consequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and ultimately the world. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Social Policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history. Almost every feature of daily life was influenced in some way. Most particularly, average income and population began to exhibit extraordinary sustained growth. This is known as urbanisation. Urbanisation is the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Rapid urbanisation took place during this period of industrialisation, many people moved from rural to urban areas to get jobs in the rapidly expanding industries in many large towns and cities. It is estimated that 1/6 of the British population visited London during the 18th century, and the most adventurous and ambitious stayed. This urbanisation had huge implications and resulted in complex societal changes which had adverse effects on the public health of communities. Diseases like typhoid and cholera were common. An outbreak of cholera in 1848 killed 14,000 in London. This was due to the housing shortages, sanitation problems, low standards of personal hygiene, polluted drinking water, exploitation of workers and widespread poverty. Great Britain in the nineteenth century was a great bastion of individualism where that unsympathetic principle of the political economists -laissez faire- dominated public opinion, and Parliament. The individualist theory of government holds that the position of state is to protect the liberty of individuals to act as they wish, as long as they do not infringe upon the liberties of others. Although there has been extended debate over whether this â€Å"age of -laissez faire† gave way to an â€Å"age of collectivism,† This is the period regarded as the source for the widespread collectivism that would ollow. Collectivism At its root is the belief that a collective is more than just individuals interacting together. It is the belief that the group is an entity itself, more important than the sum of the individuals. Put simply by John F. Kennedy â€Å"Ask not what your country can do for you. Ask what you can do for your country. † And that is exactly what happened , In 1875 state intervention meant that a public health act was passed. This implemented that all new residential construction had to include running water, and an internal drainage system. Also the act meant that all towns had to have pavements and street lights. Yet there was still alot that needed to be done which meant more state intervention was necessary. The national insurance scheme introduced by the liberal government in 1911, gave most workers health insurance and unemployment benefits for workers in industries with high risks of unemployment. But by the 1920s and 1930s the economic depression and widespread unemployment meant that the national insurance scheme was paying out more that it recieved. Benefits were cut and a means test was imposed. This did not change a thing however, poverty was pervasive and particularly among the families of the unemployed. 2. Assess the relationship between laissez faire and ideas of welfare and poverty in the 19th century. Give examples including reference to the poor laws. The original people that believed in and encouraged laissez-faire were the physiocrats (political economists). The physiocrats were followers of the physiocrat school of economic thought, and were in a way the predecessors of classical economists. Although some of their more renowned ideas were very backwards, like believing that only land (physical assets) produced revenue, they certainly were the first to come up with the notion of laissez-faire. (or no government interference) In 1563 the poor of Britain were branded for the first time into deserving, and the undeserving. The elderly and the very young, the infirm, and families who irregularly found themselves in financial difficulties due to a change in circumstance were considered deserving of social support. But people who often turned to crime to make a living such as, highwaymen or pickpockets, migrant workers who roamed the country looking for work, and individuals who begged for a living, were to be treated unsympathetically. The act of 1572 introduced the first necessary poor local poor law tax, an important step acknowledging that alleviating poverty was the responsibility of local communities, in 1576 the concept of the workhouse was born, and in 1597 the post of overseer of the poor was created. The great act of 1601 combined all the previous acts and set the benchmark for the next two hundred years. The Poor Laws passed during the reign of Queen Elizabeth played an essential role in the country’s welfare. They signalled important progression from private charity to welfare state, where the care and supervision of the poor was embodied in law and integral to the management of each town, village and hamlet. In 1843, the newspaper The Economist was founded, and became an influential voice for laissez-faire capitalism. In response to the Irish famine of 1846–1849, in which over 1. 5 million people died of starvation, they argued that for the government to supply free food for the Irish would violate natural law. Clarendon, the Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, wrote, â€Å"I don’t think there is another legislature in Europe that would disregard such suffering. † Laissez-faire policy was never absolute in any nation, and at the end of the 19th century, European countries again took up some economic protectionism and interventionism. France for example, started cancelling its free trade agreements with other European countries in 1890. Germany’s protectionism started (again) with a December 1878 letter from Bismarck, resulting in the iron and rye tariff of 1879. 1929 was a crucial year across the globe. When the United States stock market crashed, ripples were felt across Europe. As hardship and insecurity walked hand-in-hand into the 1930s, they met increasing unemployment and poverty. As president of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt took action by implementing a new economic strategy in the New Deal. This model was the â€Å"optimistic activism, experimentation, and interventionist reforms† that the country so desperately needed at the time whilst the USA committed herself to social justice and firmly held the belief of government responsibility towards its citizens, the USSR praised socialism and developed communism. The United Kingdom saw the action other global governments were taking, and decided to follow the lead. In 1935 Attlee became the new leader of the Labour Party. At that time the Conservative government feared the spread of communism from the Soviet Union to the rest of Europe. In 1940 Attlee joined the coalition government headed by Winston Churchill. He was virtually deputy Prime Minister although this post did not formally become his until 1942. It was afterwards claimed that during the Second World War Attlee worked as a restraining influence on some of Churchill’s wilder schemes The Labour party published the Beveridge Report (1942), the bestselling â€Å"report (that) set out social programs to slay the ‘five giants’: Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor, and Idleness†. In 1945 Herbert Morrison (who was defeated by Clement Attlee for the leadership of the Labour Party in 1935) was given responsibility for drafting the Labour Party manifesto that included the blueprints for the nationalization and welfare programmes. The Labour Party was a socialist party and proud of it. As a result, the Labour government â€Å"established free medical care under a newly constituted National Health Service, created new systems of pensions, encourage better education and housing, and sought to deliver on the unambiguous commitment to ‘full employment. In 1945, the United Kingdom gave birth to the first modern welfare state. 3. How did the political ideology of the new right wing impact on social policies under Mrs Thatcher? What is a political ideology? Alcock (2003, p. 194, original emphasis) argues that ideology is ‘a concept that refers to the systems of beliefs within which all individuals perceive all social phenomena’. He goes on to stating that ‘in this usage no one system of beliefs is more correct, or more privileged, than any other’. Heywood (2003, p. 12) suggests, an ideology is a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides the basis for organized political action, whether this is intended to preserve, modify or overthrow the existing system of power. The new right, it is generally accepted that the political ideology of the New Right contains two interrelated but also sometimes contradictory strands of political thought: neo-liberalism and neo-conservatism. The core elements of neo-liberalism are support for individualism, laissez faire and limited government intervention in economy and society. Neo-liberals believe that individuals are rational and therefore the best judges of their own best nterests and that they should be allowed the utmost possible individual freedom to determine their own behavior subject only to the restriction that their behavior should not harm others. The core elements of neo-conservatism differ in several respects from those of neo-liberalism. Whereas classic liberals are all in favor of free individualistic decision making, conservatives put forward that this kind of individualism is a recipe for anarchy and that individual freedom, can best be guaranteed via respect for traditional norms, values and i nstitutions. They declare that traditional institutions and patterns of social behavior which have stood the test of time must have done so because they have been socially beneficial which leads neo-Conservatives to support the maintenance or at most only gradual change in the existing social order which implies support for traditional sources of authority, traditional patterns of social and economic inequality, traditional institutions and traditional values. They are therefore expected to be supporters of strong but limited government, the Monarchy and the Aristocracy, the Church, the traditional family and traditional education. Under the leadership of Mrs Thatcher the conservatives made it their duty to do away with socialism and to reduce the power of the trade unions. Thatcher’s government made changes to the N. H. S, by creating the internal market. This was down to the Griffiths reports (1983) which suggested that the N. H. S should be run like a super market. Instead of meeting patients’ needs, trusts would be run in competition with one another for patients. Administration costs in the N. H. S in 1979 were around 6%. After the introduction of the internal market these costs had doubled to 12%. this shows that Thatcher had introduced inefficiencies as a result of outsourcing and duplication of work. However, Thatcher’s intended privatisation was never carried through completely due to the backlash from the pub lic. Tebbit once described the N. H. S as the nearest thing in Britain to a â€Å"national religion†. The conservative government also contributed in making reforms to the state education system. The Conservatives’ 1979 Education Act removed the requirements introduced by previous Labor Governments that Local Authorities whose secondary schools were not currently organized on comprehensive lines must prepare plans for the transition to comprehensive education. Also under the 1979 Act Local Authorities were requested to place greater emphasis on parental choice in the allocation of school places although it has been suggested that in practice this requirement had only limited practical effects. The 1980 Education Act introduced an assisted Places Scheme which subsidized students who passed an entrance examination but whose parents had limited funds to be educated at private schools in the hope that this would enable these more able students to develop their talents more fully than would be possible in the state sector of education. This policy is a sign of a Conservative belief that state schools were often incapable of developing the talents of the most gifted pupils and in effect provided a state subsidy to the private education sector which the Conservatives wished to support. An important reform was the 1986 Education Act. This abolished corporal punishment in state schools. Other than this the Thatcher lead conservative party made many more changes to the education system Under the terms of the 1988 Education Reform Act, the following education policies were introduced. A National Curriculum was introduced which was to be followed compulsorily in all mainstream state schools but remained optional for independent schools. The National Curriculum was originally to contain 10 compulsory subjects of which 3 [English, Mathematics and Science] were to be â€Å"core† subjects and 7 [History, Geography, Technology, Music, Art, PE and a modern foreign language {at key stages 3 and 4}] were to be foundation subjects. Welsh was to be a Core Subject in Welsh -speaking schools and a foundation subject in Welsh non-Welsh speaking schools. RE was to be a compulsory â€Å"basic† subject in all schools although problems would arise surrounding the precise nature of the RE curriculum which was to be primarily based around Christianity except where the ethnic/religious composition of the school population suggested that this was inappropriate. In conclusion Thatcher’s conservative party had an immense impact and made numerous reforms and changes whilst in government. After all she is not called a social policy expert (Clare Beckett: The 20 Prime Ministers of the 20th Century) for nothing. How to cite History of Social Policy, Papers

Project Plan For A Company Retreat To Another Country - Get Free Sampl

Question: Describe about the Project Plan for a Company Retreat to Another Country. Answer: Introduction to Project Company Background The selected organization (company) is Aetos Engineering that deals with design and engineering in aircrafts. It is a business organization that has extensive business system in the native country and is now looking to retreat to some other country as part of the business strategy. The company has been very successful in the native country and now wants to retreat to another country in order to get access to global market. The company has chosen to retreat to Australia first and if the move is successful, they will consider retreating to other countries. However, before retreating to some other country, some project planning is necessary so that the system can be installed in time before the start of business in the new country. As per the requirement of the company, a project plan has been prepared. Description of the Project The project is based on the preparation and design of a system plan that the company needs to retreat to another country. In order to complete the retreat successfully, the company needs a proper project planning that must be followed step by step. The tasks of the project are as follows. Selection of a suitable country for retreat (in this case, the country selected is Australia) Analysis of the existing market and competitions in Australia Total budget estimation and cost benefit analysis for the purpose of retreat Stakeholder analysis for estimating the total number of people to be involved in the project Analysis of the existing law, government policies and business guidelines in the Australia Risk analysis and mitigation Project Scope Statement The 6-point checklist is as follows. Project Scope Verification Project Objective Done Deliverables Done Milestones Done Technical Requirements Done Limitations and Exclusions Done Customer Review Done Project Objective The primary objective of this project is preparation and designing of a system for the company that will help in the retreat to the chosen country. The company, Aetos Engineering deals with engineering of aircraft designs and wants to retreat to Australia in order to gain access to the global market and global popularity. The brief explanation of the objectives of this project is provided below: To choose a suitable country for relocation To analyze the existing conditions of the country political, judicial, social and commercial To analyze the risks accompanying the project To install necessary hardware systems in the retreat office To design and implement a suitable data warehouse for storage and operation of business data To connect the data warehouse with the native business headquarters To initiate the new system in the selected country Deliverables The deliverables of the project are as follows. Selection of a suitable site / country for retreat Complete analysis report on the market conditions in the selected country Complete risk analysis report New office building for the retreat New hardware systems for business operations New data warehouse for storage and management of business data Established connection between the retreat office and the main headquarters Milestones The estimated project milestones calculated from the initiation of the project are as follows. A list of countries of retreat prepared 10 days Market and other factors analyses 2 months Risk analysis 1 month Selection of the country for retreat 5 days Cost estimation 15 days Resource allocation and funding 1 month Infrastructure planning, setting up of retreat office 1 year Hardware implementation 3 months Software and data warehouse implementation 1 month Establishment of connection between the offices of the two countries 15 days System initiation 1 month Technical Requirements Following are the technical requirements for the project. The business must comply with the legal policies and guidelines of the country in which the retreat is planned. The installed hardware systems must be upgraded to latest technology in order to manage the business efficiently. The data warehouse system must be up to date and must support business operations and data management. The company must comply with business guidelines and the retreat must provide significant cost benefits in order to ensure success of the project. Limitations and Exclusions Limitations The following are the project limitations. Although an external analysis is conducted on the selected country, the exact conditions cannot be known accurately before actually initiating services in the country. This project plan only deals with the discussion of scope and estimation of resources. Actual project plan should be prepared with more information and estimations. The resource details are only rough estimations. More modifications are required with changing scopes and design of the system. No stakeholder plan is provided in this part of project plan. The data provided in this project plan will change with changes in project plan and the dynamic market of the new country. Exclusions The exclusions of the project are as follows. The share market condition and the companys entry in the share market of the selected country are excluded from this project plan. The outsourcing and employment policies for initiation of services in the new country are excluded from this project plan. Only a brief idea of estimated resources has been provided, resource management plan has been excluded from the project plan. New business policies have been excluded from the plan. The selection of hardware and software vendors and their implementation steps have also been excluded. Customer Review Customer review is an important part of any business as the production and innovation is dependent on customer satisfaction. Now, for retreating to another country, international customers come into play. Before the project, an analysis of the social background of the company is to be conducted in addition to market analysis for understanding the demands of products and customer commercial trend. After initiation of business, the company should start a customer review system in order to know what the customers like and dislike about their products or services. The company should revise its policies and business products in accordance with the customer reviews in order to enhance the existing business system of the company. This will ensure the success of the business retreat of the company to another country. Project Priority Matrix Project/Selection Criteria Cost Scope Time Weight: 8 7 6 Total Company Relocation 8 6 8 (8*8=) 64 (7*6=) 42 (6*8=) 48 (64+42+48=) 154 Analysis of the Foreign Market 5 6 4 (8*5=) 40 (7*6=) 42 (6*4=) 24 (40+42+24=) 106 Architecture Development 9 6 8 (8*9=) 72 (7*6=) 42 (6*8=) 48 (72+42+48=) 162 Resource Investment 10 7 10 (8*10=) 80 (7*7=) 49 (6*10=) 60 (80+49+60=) 189 This project priority matrix has been used to represent the primary four areas that are required for the project. These four parts are market analysis, investment, infrastructure and relocation projects. There should be at least three success criteria for the project having different weightages. The three main success criteria are cost, scope and time. The weightage for the success criteria should be as follows. Project Cost 8 Project Scope 7 Project Time 6 The effects of the chosen success criteria will depend on the priorities estimated in the project and the project has to be executed accordingly. Work Breakdown Structure Task No Task Name No of Days 1 Project: Company Retreat to Another Country 1005 days 1.1 Project Initiation Phase 100 days 1.1.1 Requirement Analysis 30 days 1.1.2 Feasibility Testing 30 days 1.1.3 Selection of Country 10 days 1.1.4 Estimation of Costs and Expenses 30 days 1.2 Project Planning Phase 150 days 1.2.1 Preparation of Project Plan 30 days 1.2.2 Scheduling of Project Duties 15 days 1.2.3 Allocation of Resources 30 days 1.2.4 Preparation of Communication Plan 15 days 1.2.5 Land Selection in the Retreat Country 60 days 1.3 Execution phase 430 days 1.3.1 Development of Abroad Branch 180 days 1.3.1.1 Architecture Planning and Design 60 days 1.3.1.2 Resource Collection 30 days 1.3.1.3 Location Blueprint Preparation 30 days 1.3.1.4 Development of Communication System 30 days 1.3.1.5 Development of a new Business System 30 days 1.3.2 Implementation Phase 250 days 1.3.2.1 Implementation of the Resources 60 days 1.3.2.2 Development of Business Plan 60 days 1.3.2.3 Implementation of Software and Data Warehouse 90 days 1.3.2.4 Market Analysis System Development 30 days 1.3.2.5 Connection of the Data Warehouse with Central Headquarters 10 days 1.4 Closing Phase 150 days 1.4.1 Creation of Communication Link between New Branch and Headquarters 10 days 1.4.2 Employee Training and Recruitment 90 days 1.4.3 Business Data Warehouse Maintenance 50 days Figure: WBS of the Project (Source: Created by Author) Figure: Gantt Chart (Source: Created by Author) Cost Estimation Cost Estimation Table Project Activity Estimated Cost Location Survey and Selection $20,000 Land Purchase $100,000 Architecture Development $100,000 Implementation of Necessary Hardware $50,000 Implementation of Software $50,000 Communication Set Up $10,000 Training of Recruits $20,000 Time Phased Budget Project Name Monthly Timeline Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Notes: Location Analysis -$10,000 -$10,000 Selection of location for retreat Resource Investment $100,000 $100,000 $150,000 Investment on project fund Architecture Development -$50,000 -$150,000 -$150,000 Development of building, hardwares and softwares Business Initiation -$50,000 Initiation of Business System Testing -$5,000 -$2,500 Testing of market, hardware and software Project Start Up $200,000 Total Capital Recruitment and Training -$10,000 Training and recruitment of new employees Payment of Wages -$25,000 Wage payments Profit (Estimated) $50,000 Profit from the 1st month of the business Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Totals: -$10,000 -$10,000 $50,000 -$65,000 $172,500 Total balance of each month Cumulative Total: -$10,000 -$20,000 $30,000 -$35,000 $137,500 Available balance after each month Bibliography Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Fitzsimmons, J., Fitzsimmons, M. (2013).Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Greenberg, B. N., Jetton, S. M. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,352,341. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Grefen, P., Pernici, B., Snchez, G. (Eds.). (2012).Database support for workflow management: the WIDE project(Vol. 491). Springer Science Business Media. Heagney, J. (2012).Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Lock, M. D. (2014).The essentials of project management. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Marchewka, J. T. (2014).Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, R. (2016).Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Walker, A. (2015).Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.

Monday Essays (1022 words) - , Term Papers

Monday I've owned a tiny futon store in a small mall in the downtown area of a rather bantam city. This little hole in the wall had been my peaceful, get-away for nearly ten years. I rarely received attention from tourists, let alone the other business owners. I didn't bother anyone, and no one really bothered me. I kind of liked it like that. Then, of course, it had to change. Things always have a way of being good for a long time?. and then not being so good. I suppose I may be overexaggerating over what happened on that silly Monday afternoon. But then again, I may not be. I was sitting at my slightly hidden desk, the same way I had done for the past ten years or so without being bothered. I wasn't really working on anything because there wasn't really anything to work on, but I sat there anyway and did my best to appear to be busy. Then it happened. Like a drip of black ink on a sunset canvas, they entered the store. A young man and woman of about twenty years of age, both of whom I had never seen before, unknowingly changed my life forever. Do you mind if we argue on your couch? the woman asked as she sat herself down on the dark purple double flexifold futon. She was strangely beautiful and I found myself quickly looking away from her, as to avoid the hint that she had intrigued me. No, I mumbled, Go ahead. I don't even think she acknowledged my response because she had already assumed that it was alright. She tugged sharply on the young man's sweatshirt sleeve and he sat. How dare you?! she inquired, How dare you even ponder the thought in your mind, you sonofabitch?! She wasn't yelling. She was loud and clear, like a trumpet solo in A Night in Tunisia. At first, I had sort of assumed that the young man that she was angry with had been her brother?. twin perhaps. They stood at about the same height, both with straight blonde hair and somber brown eyes?. hers were much more striking as his seemed to be squinted. But as the conversation continued, I thought twice about the two being siblings. She's such a bitch, James! she spat the words towards him, as if she were trying to cut him with her tone. No, she's not?. James' simple response filled the woman with even more rage. I caught the look in her eyes and I felt the glow that was coming off of her. She was so insanely upset that the whole world was about to explode inside of her. This look scared me. She began a few stuttered sentences but soon realized that her emotions were not being understood by James, the lame-ass bastard as she called him. How can feel something for her? she asked softly. He had hurt her. Even I knew he had. I, who had never kept a relationship for longer than 4 months since middle school, knew he had hurt her. I, who felt trampled and completely lost in the field of women and all that they?. do, knew she was sad. I don't know, Sara?. The man began. I like her. She is--- ---a bitch! Sara filled in. She is a bitch and when I see her, I'm going to beat her down! How dare she pretend to be my friend! How dare she pretend to be my friend for three years, James, three years! She was leaning towards him to help make her voice be louder in his little ears. Her rage was amazing. I found it harder and harder to pretend to be a non-interested party. I hoped they didn't notice that I had set my pencil down and that I was forcing myself to stare at my stapler. Oh, how I wanted to see her. How I wanted to watch her. I don't really think she was pretending, James said, more to himself than to the acrimonious girl beside him. Well, she must have been, Sara assured him, But that is beyond the point that you, you crude bastard you, are dating this bitch that you don't even really like?. after I told you that it would

A Plot Summary of Our Town

A Plot Summary of Our Town Written by Thorton Wilder, Our Town is a play that  explores the lives of people living in a small, quintessentially American town. It was first produced in 1938 and received the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. The play is divided into three aspects of the human experience: Act One: Daily Life Act Two: Love / Marriage Act Three: Death / Loss Act One The Stage Manager, serving as the play’s narrator, introduces the audience to Grover’s Corners, a small town in New Hampshire. The year is 1901. In the early morning, only a few folks are about. The paperboy delivers papers. The milkman strolls by. Dr. Gibbs has just returned from delivering twins. Note: There are very few props in Our Town. Most of the objects are pantomimed. The Stage Manager arranges a few (real) chairs and tables. Two families enter and begin pantomiming breakfast. The Gibbs Family Dr. Gibbs: Hardworking, soft-spoken, disciplined.Mrs. Gibbs: The Doctor’s wife. She believes her husband is overworked and should take a vacation.George: Their son. Energetic, friendly, sincere.Rebecca: George’s little sister. The Webb Family Mr. Webb: Runs the town’s newspaper.Mrs. Webb: Strict but loving to her children.Emily Webb: Their daughter. Bright, hopeful and idealistic.Wally Webb: Her younger brother. Throughout the morning and the rest of the day, the townspeople of Grover’s Corner eat breakfast, work in town, do household chores, garden, gossip, go to school, attend choir practice, and admire the moonlight. Some of Act One’s More Compelling Moments Dr. Gibbs calmly chastises his son for forgetting to chop firewood. When George has tears in his eyes, he hands him a handkerchief and the matter is resolved.Simon Stimson, the church organist, leads the church choir while intoxicated. He staggers home drunk and deeply troubled. The constable and Mr. Webb try to assist him, but Stimson wanders away.  Webb wonders how the man’s sorry situation will end, but decided there is nothing to be done about it.Emily Webb and George Gibbs sit at their windows (according to the stage directions, they are perched on ladders). They talk about algebra and the moonlight. Their words are mundane, perhaps, but their fondness for each other is obvious.Rebecca tells her brother a funny story about a letter Jane Crofut received from a minister. It was addressed: Jane Crofut; The Crofut Farm; Grover’s Corners; Sutton County; New Hampshire; United States of America; North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth; the Solar System; the Univers e; the Mind of God. Act Two The Stage Manager explains that three years have passed. It is the wedding day of George and Emily. The Webb and Gibbs parents lament how their children have grown so quickly. George and Mr. Webb, his soon-to-be father-in-law, awkwardly converse about the futility of marital advice. Before the wedding commences, the Stage Manager wonders how it all began, both this specific romance of George and Emily, as well as the origins of marriage in general. He takes the audience back in time a bit, to when George and Emily’s romantic relationship began. In this flashback, George is the captain of the baseball team. Emily has just been elected as the student body treasurer and secretary. After school, he offers to carry her books home. She accepts but suddenly reveals how she does not like the change in his character. She claims that George has become arrogant. This seems to be a false accusation, however, because George immediately apologizes. He is very grateful to have such an honest friend as Emily. He takes her to the soda shop, where the Stage Manager pretends to be the store owner. There, the boy and girl reveal their devotion to one another. The Stage Manager segues back to the wedding ceremony. Both the young bride and groom are scared about getting married and growing up. Mrs. Gibbs snaps her son out of his jitters. Mr. Webb calms his daughter’s fears. The Stage Manager plays the role of the minister. In his sermon, he says of the countless who have gotten married, â€Å"Once in a thousand times it’s interesting.† Act Three The final act takes place in a cemetery in 1913. It is set upon a hill overlooking Grover’s Corner. About a dozen people sit in several rows of chairs. They have patient and somber faces. The Stage Manager tells us that these are the dead citizens of the town. Among the recent arrivals are: Mrs. Gibbs: Died of pneumonia while visiting her daughter.Wally Webb: Died young. His appendix burst during a Boy Scout trip.Simon Stimson: Facing troubles the audience never understands, he hangs himself. A funeral procession approaches. The dead characters comment nonchalantly about the new arrival: Emily Webb. She died while giving birth to her second child. The spirit of Emily walks away from the living and joins the dead, sitting next to Mrs. Gibbs. Emily is pleased to see her. She talks about the farm. She is distracted by the living as they grieve. She wonders how long the sensation of feeling alive will last; she is anxious to feel like the others do. Mrs. Gibbs tells her to wait, that it is best to be quiet and patient. The dead seem to be looking to the future, waiting for something. They are no longer emotionally connected to the troubles of the living. Emily senses that one can return to the world of the living, that one can revisit and re-experience the past. With the help of the Stage Manager, and against the advice of Mrs. Gibbs, Emily returns to her 12th birthday. However, everything is too beautiful, too emotionally intense. She chooses to go back to the numbing comfort of the grave. The world, she says, is too wonderful for anyone to truly realize it. Some of the dead, such as Stimson, express bitterness to the ignorance of the living. However, Mrs. Gibbs and the others believe that life was both painful and wonderful. They take comfort and companionship in the starlight above them. In the last moments of the play, George returns to weep at Emily’s grave. EMILY: Mother Gibbs? MRS. GIBBS: Yes, Emily? EMILY: They don’t understand, do they? MRS. GIBBS: No, dear. They don’t understand. The Stage Manager then reflects upon how, throughout the universe, it may be that only the inhabitants of the earth are straining away. He tells the audience to get a good night’s rest. The play ends.

Business plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Business plan - Assignment Example The business has future projects of expanding its operations to the foreign markets and thereby expands the markets of the business to enable the business increase the sales to greater heights and then maximize on the profits (Abrams 2003). Joytex business is a partnership business that mainly deals with the production and marketing of the textile products. That is the reason why the name has got a suffix ‘tex’ because of the textile products production and selling in the business. It is located in Toronto in Canada Form of Business Ownership My form of business is Partnership. This form of business is owned by all the partners. I chose this form of business unit because here, different efforts can be combined to produce high quality output. This is because of job specialization that further leads to division of labour. Again raising of capital is not that hectic because the partners contribute in raising capital to start the business. Another reason that made me choose this form of business is that losses are shared among the partners and is not left for one (Abrams 2003). The business targets all categories of individuals ranging from children to the adults. The main reason for this is that most businesses in the area are mainly focussing on the ladies products and not any other. With all this category of people, the business therefore creates a wider market that will translate positively to an increase in the volume o sales. Businesses treat customers as their kings and queens therefore it is not ideal and advisable to concentrate in one particular group of people (Abrams 2003). The customers will prefer buying from me because the products that Joytex enterprises sell to them are the most current in terms of fashion and also are an improvement compared to the ones that are rendered by the competitors. The

Chesapeake And New England Colonies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chesapeake And New England Colonies - Essay Example These are the things that inspired people to organize in various ways and to experiment with new ways of building communities. It was the Chesapeake colonies that introduced slavery to America. They had labor-intensive economies and required help. As this critic puts it: The Chesapeake colonies, Virginia and Maryland, established in the early 17th century, and later the Carolinas, were settlement colonies where land was initially given to colonists in exchange for their efforts to cultivate and work it. Those colonists who fared well in the harsh conditions could accumulate enough land to require additional labor to work their holdings. After unsuccessful attempts to use native groups as workers, wealthy colonists imported indentured servants from Britain - an available supply of workers because of population growth. (PBS) We can see here how the seeds were sowed for eventual conflict between north and south in the American Civil War of the 1860s. The America of the 18th century was an impressive and increasingly confident place. Even though the colonies of New England and the Chesapeake were very different places, they were beginning to show similar qualities. Both were independent places where people spoke their minds and respected their neighbours. Both were full of hardworking individuals who envisaged a better life for their children. By examining the history of these two, most important, colonies we can begin to see the form that America would take in all its glory.

Mauveine: History, Properties and Structure

Mauveine: History, Properties and Structure Introduction One of the most important events of 1856 was the discovery of the first successful artificial dye, mauveine (aniline purple, mauve dye, Tyrian purple) by William Perkin. The discovery of mauveine led to rapidly growth of fashion trend and discovery of new synthetic dyes. Nowadays there are more than three million dyes (WordPress.com). Most dyes used back in the XIX century were derived from natural products such as animals, vegetables or minerals. The dyes made from natural products at that time were expensive and required a large amount of labour. The main disadvantage of natural dyes was their tendency to fade. The invention of mauveine was major landmark in the history of technology and science which brought great benefits to textile and synthetic dye industry. However most people do not aware of the origin of those colours, especially world’s first synthetic dye mauveine and chemical reactions beyond the mauveine dye production. This paper will discuss the historical background of mauveine invention, chemical structure of mauveine, chemical synthesis methods of mauveine and applications. Historical background In 1834, German chemist August Wilhem Hofmann was working derivatives of coal tar to produce a quinine substance for treatment of malaria. At that time, young William Perkin was one of the Hofmann’s assistants and embarked to solve this problem. In 1856, while Hofmann went back to visit Germany, Perkin conducted some experiments in the laboratory at his home to achieve Hofmann’s goal. Perkin oxidised the aniline in the presence of potassium dichromate and obtained black coloured sludge. At the end of the experiment Perkin diluted the black sludge with alcohol and gained a purple solution. Perkin patented his new discovery and established the company ‘Perkin and Sons’. In June 1857 the company ‘Perkin and Sons’ began its work producing synthetic dyes. It should be emphasized that many technical problems occurred during the operation of the company such as large scale of benzene nitration and nitrobenzene reduction. The aniline purple was obtained in poor yields, because the oxidation step required optimisation. By 1864, the company was able to trade its product as a crystalline solid. In spite of the wealth which came with successful dye production, Perkin continued his experimental works in chemistry. After his successful introduction of aniline purple in Britain, next step for Perkin was to export mauveine abroad. However, Perkin’s effort to introduce his invention in France ended unsuccessfully as his patent was invalidated. Invention of the Perkins aniline purpleencouraged other chemists to work on new synthetic dyes. For instance, in 1856 Natanson discovered magenta (triphenylmethane dye) by oxidising aniline with chloride. As it was mentioned above, developments of synthetic dye chemistry in modern times takes its background from mauveine. Taking the historical background into consideration, mauveine made our world more colorful than it was before(‘the chemistry and application of dyes’, edited by David R. Waring, and Geoffrey Hallas, Plenum Press, New York 1990, p age 4-5). Chemical structure and properties of mauveine. The structure and consist of mauveine for many years had remained mystery. First attempts establishing mauveine molecular structure was made by Perkin himself. Perkin derived similar dye when oxidised toluidine and xylidine. However, pure aniline gave dye with poorer quality than that obtained from original impure aniline. This product was called pseudomauveine which was derivative of mauveine. Perkin concluded that mauveine contains both pseudo-mauveine () and a trimethyl derivative. At that time Perkin could not determine every atom in the molecule and so he attempted to determine mauveines constitutional formula by identified properties of mauve. In 1879 Perkin came to conclusion that mauveine can be derived only from aniline and para-toluidine. It should be emphasized that Perkins work determined a molecular formula of mauveine but not a molecular structure. Other works to determine molecular structure of mauveine was done by Fischer, Hepp and Nietzki. By synthesising pseudo-mauv eine in several times they discovered pseudomauveines structure. Oxidative couplings were involved in this synthesis as shown in figure 1. Synthetic methods for pseudomauveine figure 1. However, there was little evidence to proof mauveines chemical structure (figure 2). Mauveine figure 2. Only in 1994, the structure of mauveine determined through the work of Meth-Cohn and Smith. They emphasised two compounds as a key chromophores to obtain mauveine, mauveine A with C26 structure and mauveine B with C27 structure (scheme 1). Meth-Cohn and Smith analysed seven dyed textiles and seven mauve salts from different museum such as Science museum in London (scML), Chandler Museum (Columbia University), Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester (MSIM) and Perth Museum in Scotland. Meth-Cohn and Smith analysed major components of those samples by mass spectroscopy and NMR spectrometry and found presence of different methylated homologues of pseudo-mauveine. Different chromospheres are shown in table 1 amongst the historical samples which Meth-Cohn and Smith had found. A B B2 B3+B4 C C1 ScML1 1 2 50 23 10 5 4 5 1.3 ScML2 1 3 37 26 13 6 5 8 0.8 ScML3 1 2 54 16 9 4 5 8 1.8 ScML4 1 2 37 31 12 5 5 8 0.8 MSIM1 2 39 33 12 5 4 6 0.8 MSIM2 49 41 7 3 CM 1 2 50 24 8 4 5 7 1.4 Table1. Percentage of chronophers which found from mauveine samples Meth-Cohn and Smith discovered that all mauveine samples which prepared by Perkin was mixture of about thirteen different compounds with 7-amino-5-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)-phenazin-5-ium core. The majority of the historical samples of mauve which were investigated by Meth-Cohn and Smith had both A or B mauveines. Apart from that almost all historical samples of mauveine contained mono, tetra methylated derivatives of pseudo-mauveine. Mauveine B2 (C27) and C25A, C25B were important fingerprint markers of textiles and salts amongst these. In addition, for the first time Meth-Cohn and Smith identified pseudo-mauveine in the historical sample, this was described by Perkin as a second colouring source. As it was mentioned above, the mauveine contained pseudo-mauveine, which is very soluble, uncrystallisable salt and another one is less soluble, crystalline salt obtained from para-toluidine and aniline. One of the important properties of mauveine is fastness with silk which they colour. Chemical synthesis methods of mauveine As mentioned in previous sections William Perkin did not discover the mauveine intentionally, his main aim was preparing quinine (). As chemistry were in the early stage of its development there were little known about quinines structural formula. Taking into account of the molecular formulas of quinine and allyl toluidine Perkin came to the relationship shown in equation 1 and he attempted the preparation of quinine by oxidising allyl toluidine in the presence of potassium dichromate in sulphuric acid: Equation1 In his note Perkin wrote ‘that no quinine was formed, but only a dirty reddish brown precipitate’. However, Perkin was not aware at that time structure of allyl toluidine and quinine. If he had known the structure, he would certainly choose other route for synthesising quinine: The synthesis of mauveine starting aniline also required toluidine impurities (equation 2): Application of mauveine Alcoholic extract of mauveine gives very brilliant purple colour which cannot be removed and stable during washing. Perkin quickly considered its potential as a dyestuff for textiles and fabrics. Another useful application of mauveine is food colouring dye. In United States during 1900th the mauveine was used as food colouring with different names such as violate paste, rosolan, Perkin’s violate. Conclusion This short essay has considered history of the mauveine discovery, chemical structure and properties, synthesising way of mauveine. The discovery of mauveine led to rapidly change in global fashion and chemical industry. The Perkins discovery cannot be judged by today’s knowledge and consider as a luck. There were many things which have been discovered and invented, however they were forgotten as it did not find any practical application. Perkin had the ability to combine the theoretical and practical work from his experiment. Perkin’s discovery still has not lost its significance in modern synthetic dye chemistry and contributed to development of modern fashion. Galymzhan

Teen Britain: The shocking Truth(TM) article

Bullying, drugs, alcohol and sex were a few of the issues raised in this article, published on the 27th November 2005 as facing teenagers in today's society. As one of these young adults in our civilisation, I feel that it is my duty to defend myself and others like me in the face of such criticism. Firstly some of the points mentioned in your article I fully understand and agree with. For example, I agree that there are too many teenagers in society who are taking drugs or drinking alcohol whilst roaming our streets. You state that, â€Å"72% of 14 year olds have consumed alcohol†. This growing incidence of alcohol and drug use could also be a factor in the rise of the crime rate. However, I don't think that the press or general public can put all of the blame for this on today's teenagers, their families or the area in which they live. I think that the media has had a part to play in this and so should accept some of the blame. One of the reasons I think this, is that it wasn't so long ago that many newspapers and television documentaries claimed that cannabis didn't have any side effects or create long term damage; however, we are now being told by the media that there are serious side effects to cannabis, such as, that it the effects the quickness of the brain and how well you learn in class. Cannabis is proven to affect concentration spans so therefore pupils will not be able to take as much in during lessons. This may be one of the reasons for teenagers becoming addicted to drugs as they have been given mixed messages about the use and effects of them. In my opinion, the media is to blame for some of the negative behaviour that we are seeing from the teenagers of today. The main reason for my belief is that the media publicise a lot of the bad behaviour of teenagers; for example, young teenagers getting pregnant or drunk. However, I feel that the media very rarely praise teenagers for good behaviour and the achievement of some amazing goals. For example, good exam results, helping charities or helping out at home in difficult situations. Furthermore, some negative teenage behaviour, like smoking and drinking are activities shown on many popular television programmes, such as ‘Footballers Wives' and ‘Bad Girls'. After watching such programmes, some teenagers see these activities as cool and copy what they have watched. The media may also be influencing some teenagers to behave badly, as some of them crave to be famous and they feel that the only way to achieve this ambition is to do something delinquent, as they see these sorts of things getting attention every day. However, the media plays its part in the negative behaviour of teenagers in Britain today, so do a lot of people living in our country and indeed the laws we follow. It isn't the teenagers' fault that they believe that drinking alcohol will not harm them, as this is what they have been led to believe by our new licensing laws; These allow pubs and clubs to open for much longer and therefore make alcohol more readily available. Also the companies that are selling alcohol are partly to blame as they create new drinks which appeal to a younger market by making them taste more like soft drinks. Instead of marketing alcohol to teenagers people should be making young people aware of the dangers of alcohol and binge drinking. Adolescents should be advised to drink in small amounts and not go out binge drinking like these laws may encourage. Your article is extremely negative with its facts. You suggest that a percentage of teenagers have done something disapproving rather than celebrating the percentage of teenagers who have not. For example, instead of saying that â€Å"32% of 14 year olds have had sexual intercourse†, you could have said that 68% of 14 year olds have not had sexual intercourse. By being so negative you make teenagers sound as bad as you can, rather than praising the ones who aren't like this. This makes it far easier for the people reading your article to stereotype teenagers and jump to conclusions; however we are not all like you suggest. Finally, I would like to question the facts and statistics presented in this article as I don't always fully agree. I don't think that you have taken a big enough sample of teenagers in Britain, also I don't think that you have asked teenagers to complete your surveys in enough areas of Britain. Therefore, I question how you can support some of your statements as you seem to are stereotype all teenagers in Britain to be like the few you have spoken to. Would you like someone to go and speak to one or two people in your street and say you were the same as them? No, I didn't think you would. Well, is it fair that you have done this to the teenagers of Britain?

Body Shop Proposal

Proposal Outline (4%) Proposition Statement:____________________________________________ This proposal aims to produce a 4-as campaign in Seventeen to promote The Body Shop Bath & body products to audiences aged 15 – 19. P1: Proposition (2 paras) I. The Body Shop is currently lacking in advertisement directed towards teenagers even though sales would be greatly boosted if they can manage to appeal to them. A. This is because they choose to focus on targeting working adults which is leaned towards a mature image and does not appeals to teens. B.They will lose the potential to increase their sales volume if this continues. II. There are three main possible themes that we would like to propose. A. Firstly, â€Å"Fire† will be emphasising on the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. B. Secondly, â€Å"Earth† will bring attention on the environmentally-friendly nature of the products C. And lastly, the â€Å"Air† theme showcases the comfort level of the p roducts. D. This is a proposal for an advertisement spread in Seventeen selling The Body Shop Bath & Body products. ?There is a choice of three themes for the campaign, â€Å"Fire†, â€Å"Earth†, and â€Å"Water†.The recommended products for the 4-ad campaign are to be bath & shower gel, body lotion, body butter, and body scrub. P2: Potential (3 paras) I. The Body Shop is currently lacking of advertisement directed to teenagers. A. For a cosmetics retail company, The Body Shop noticeably lacks of photographs of models with beautiful hair and perfect skin, which would attract attention of teenagers. B. Currently, The Body Shop is targeting working adults and the advertisement that they made is leaned more towards a mature image. This image does not appeal to teenagers. II.The Body Shop does not appeal to teenagers and in doing so, it loses a huge number of potential customers. A. Teenagers are not attracted to The Body Shop because of a lack of celebrity represen tation. B. With the lack of advertisement, targeted audience will not be encourage to trial purchase, brand switch and develop brand loyalty towards The Body Shop. III. Sales would be greatly boosted if The Body Shop were able to appeal to teenagers. A. The Body Shop will be able to maximise it’s profits because Singaporeans teenagers aged 15-19 are very willing to spend money on body products.B. Products such as body products could easily allow the consumer to develop brand loyalty towards the brand because they would have develop a habit for using our brand’s product. This results in repeated purchases and promotes sales in long term. P3: Possibilities (3 paras) I. The first theme, â€Å"Fire† theme will emphasize the strong yet feminine aspects of the product. A. â€Å"Fire† will pitch the products in a sexy yet elegant way, appealing to girls who want to be seen as confident and independent women. B.For example, in the Body butter advertisement, we ca n feature a model clad in only lingerie and high heels and applying body butter on her body. This would suggest that one would feel confident with their body after using our products. The main colour of this advertisement will be red, black and white to give off a Parisian feel, which represents elegance, yet at the same time emphasizes on the fiery and bold aspects of the theme. II. The second theme, â€Å"Earth† will focus attention on the environmentally friendly nature of the products.A. Products would come across as environmental and relaxing under the â€Å"Earth† theme and would appeal to both males and females because it makes them feel comfortable. B. The advertisement for bath & shower gel portray a model unwinding in a bathtub full of soapy water, implying that she had just used the product and suggest that one would feel relaxed after using the product. The background of this advertisement could be a natural setting filled with trees and plants to emphasize on the nature aspects of the theme. III.The third theme, the â€Å"Air† theme, will showcase the comfort level of the products. A. Under the â€Å"Air† theme, products would be pitch as simple yet lasting comfort, appealing to both genders because of the theme’s purity and freshness. B. One example of a body lotion advertisement under the â€Å"Air† theme is to do a compare and contrast of a model who applied the body lotion in the morning and the same model looking energetic and fresh at night to represent the lasting effects and the comfort level can be seen through the model’s cheerful appearance.The advertisement would be in pastel colours to emphasize on the theme’s purity. P4: Proposal (3 paras) I. We have decided to go with the â€Å"Earth† theme because it highlights the key feature of our product and will be effective in attracting our target audience’s interest. A. The Body Shop unique selling point is being environm entally friendly and it is also what the audience associate The Body Shop with. By going along with this theme, audience are able to identify The Body Shop because our concept will be consistent.B. B. Our target audience have a very hectic lifestyle and by portraying a product, which comes across as relaxing to them is a very feasible idea because it is what the target audience need and that is also what they are looking for. This will thus increase sales of the products. II. We have rejected the â€Å"Fire† theme because it doesn’t specifically appeals to our target audiences. A. The â€Å"Fire† theme might seem over-mature to our target audiences and they would not want to be associated with such image. B.The â€Å"Fire† theme might also be inappropriate and clashes with The Body Shop image because The Body Shop has always emphasize that beauty can be achieve even without baring a lot of skin. II. We have also rejected the â€Å"Air† theme becaus e it’s concept is very common in Body products. A. The concept of comfort in a body product is not unique and thus, would not be effective in attracting the targeted audience as it doesn’t stand out. B. Audiences are easily able to find cheaper alternatives with the same benefits. *Total number of paras: 11 (do not create any more paragraphs†¦ it’s 11, no more, no fewer)

Essay On Social Problems - 1861 Words

Ellie Caylor Miss O. Social Problems 11/1/17 Many people wonder, what is a social problem? Social problems are all over the world and affect many people. The definition of a social problem is an aspect of society that a large number of people or community are concerned about. They depend on your values or if you believe something is good or bad. There are two kinds of social problems, objective condition and subjective concern. An objective condition is a condition within society that can be measured. Subjective concern is an aspect of society that many people are concerned about. Social problems are major events that affect a lot of people. The social problem I will cover is poverty. Poverty is an extreme social problem and it means to†¦show more content†¦Everyone put their savings into the stock market in New York City on Wall Street. Then the stock market crashed and people were financially wiped out. Factories and businesses began firing people and for those who still had jobs got paid barely anything. Over 12,000 Americans were becoming unemployed every single day, this lead up to having 12 million people without jobs. Also, the drought in the middle of the country decreased the amount of farm production. Farmers couldn’t support themselves because they couldn’t grow crops. Kids couldn’t go to school because schools had to shut down due to lack of money. People couldn’t even make enough money to meet their basic needs. Then in 1932, Franklin D Roosevelt won the next election over Herbert Hoover. This was the change the country needed in order to get back on their feet. The economy continued to improve and the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) grew at an average rate of 9% per year. The Great Depression was another historical event that put many people in poverty (Great Depression Poverty). Throughout the years, the world have been living in poverty because of different events that occur. Natural disasters leave many people with nothing. Hurricanes, Earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters affect a lot of people. Every year, 26 million people are put into poverty because of a natural disaster. The tropical Storm Agatha increased the rate of poverty byShow MoreRelatedSocial Problems Essays1168 Words   |  5 PagesA way of distinguishing a realist perspective between theories of social problems within is to contrast the level of analysis on which their explanations are focused. Many theories that seek to explain social problems function at the level of the psychological or biological conditions that make some people behave badly – discovering the gene, chromosome or mental characteristic that separates the deviant from the normal. 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